Gramatika
Arabština je flexivní jazyk, což znamená, že ohýbá slova pomocí předpon, přípon a zejména změnami uvnitř kmene, v indoevropských jazycích nepříliš obvyklými:
-
kitáb = kniha, kutub = knihy (kmen KTB)
-
rasala = poslal, ursila = byl poslán
-
kabír = velký, akbar = větší
Časy má arabština pouze dva (nedokončený a dokončený) a má 3 pády (nominativ, genitiv a akuzativ). Lze tedy říct, že arabština je vidový jazyk, neboť je založena na protikladu ukončeného a neukončeného děje. Českému minulému času přibližně odpovídá arabské perfektum, které tvoří pouze jeden způsob (indikativ - oznamovací způsob). Naproti perfektu je imperfektum (přibližně český přítomný a budoucí čas). Imperfektum tvoří pět způsobů (indikativ, subjunktiv, apokopát, energikus, imperativ). kataba = napsal (perfektní tvar) jaktubu = píše (imperfektní tvar) všimněte si, že kořen KTB je vždy stejný, nemění se ani zde: uktub = napiš kátib = píšící kátib = spisovatel kuttáb = spisovatelé kitáb = kniha, psaní
Kořeny slov jsou v arabštině velmi důležité, neboť se s nimi hodně pracuje. Jiná ukázka: (kořen SKN:) sakana = bydlel (perfektní tvar) jaskunu = bydlí (imperfektní tvar) sákin = bydlící, obyvatel sukkán = obyvatelé sakan = bydliště, bydlení
Ukázka časování:
askun (bydlím)
taskunu (bydlíš - muži)
taskunína (bydlíš - ženě)
jaskunu (bydlí - on)
taskunu (bydlí - ona)
V arabštině se rozlišují dva rody - mužský a ženský. Rodově se mohou lišit podstatná i přídavná jména. Například „džamíl“ znamená hezký, když přidáme koncovku -a „džamíla“ znamená to hezká.
Čísla má arabština tři (singulár, duál, plurál). Duál se tvoří jednoduše koncovkou "-áni" bez ohledu na rod:
dars = lekce darsáni = dvě lekce
Množné číslo se dělí na dva typy - vnitřní a vnější. Vnitřní se tvoří samohláskovými změnami uvnitř slova, někdy i souhláskovými. Vnější se tvoří koncovkami podle rodu:
mudarris = učitel mudarrisún = učitelé
tilmídha = žákyně tilmídhát = žákyně (plurál)
Komentáře
Přehled komentářů
We absolutely love your blog and find most of your post's to be exactly I'm looking for. Would you offer guest writers to write content for you? I wouldn't mind composing a post or elaborating on a lot of the subjects you write about here. Again, awesome web site! sasilu.se/map18.php lady gaga kostym
koh samui uteliv aperca.se
(aperca.se, 22. 10. 2020 2:19)
Interesting blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A design like yours with a few simple tweeks would really make my blog stand out. Please let me know where you got your design. Kudos tread.aperca.se/map11.php koh samui uteliv
coach minceur en ligne munhea.se
(munhea.se, 20. 10. 2020 18:50)
I do agree with all of the ideas you have presented on your post. They are really convincing and will definitely work. Nonetheless, the posts are very brief for beginners. May you please lengthen them a little from subsequent time? Thanks for the post. toyba.munhea.se/map8.php coach minceur en ligne
tumphati.se
(tumphati.se, 20. 10. 2020 8:29)
You've made some decent points there. I looked on the web for additional information about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this web site. tumphati.se/map7.php bullar recept vanilj
gokart utomhus stockholm aperca.se
(aperca.se, 20. 10. 2020 2:46)
Thank you for some other informative site. The place else could I am getting that type of info written in such a perfect means? I have a undertaking that I am just now working on, and I have been at the look out for such information. fiagh.aperca.se/map7.php gokart utomhus stockholm
benmmdi.se
(benmmdi.se, 19. 10. 2020 22:57)
Fantastic beat ! I wish to apprentice while you amend your website, how could i subscribe for a blog web site? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I had been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright clear idea benmmdi.se/map38.php jeuk in het engels
boka its perfect munhea.se
(munhea.se, 19. 10. 2020 1:58)
Amazing issues here. I'm very satisfied to see your article. Thank you so much and I'm looking forward to contact you. Will you kindly drop me a e-mail? atrec.munhea.se/map1.php boka its perfect
enugn.se
(enugn.se, 18. 10. 2020 16:51)
Heya i am for the first time here. I found this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and help others like you aided me. enugn.se/map19.php dra vp rör
brasiliansk vaxning södertälje aperca.se
(aperca.se, 18. 10. 2020 9:07)
Hey very interesting blog! wolga.aperca.se/map8.php brasiliansk vaxning södertälje
egluopu.se
(egluopu.se, 18. 10. 2020 6:52)
What's up, I desire to subscribe for this blog to take most up-to-date updates, therefore where can i do it please assist. egluopu.se/map7.php tommy hilfiger bh
otertbe.se
(otertbe.se, 17. 10. 2020 10:03)
Nice answer back in return of this query with real arguments and explaining all regarding that. otertbe.se/map26.php svullen under hakan
kaffebryggare inbyggd kvarn aperca.se
(aperca.se, 16. 10. 2020 14:10)
I am curious to find out what blog platform you're utilizing? I'm having some minor security problems with my latest site and I would like to find something more risk-free. Do you have any suggestions? threa.aperca.se/map6.php kaffebryggare inbyggd kvarn
persdap.se
(persdap.se, 16. 10. 2020 4:42)
I savor, result in I discovered exactly what I was taking a look for. You have ended my 4 day lengthy hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye persdap.se/map32.php birkenstock arizona läder
oreiep.se
(oreiep.se, 15. 10. 2020 16:56)
Thanks , I have recently been searching for information about this subject for a while and yours is the best I have came upon so far. However, what concerning the bottom line? Are you positive concerning the supply? oreiep.se/map24.php robert pettersson takida flickvän
vem är världens rikaste munhea.se
(munhea.se, 15. 10. 2020 16:00)
Howdy, I do believe your website could be having web browser compatibility problems. When I take a look at your site in Safari, it looks fine however, if opening in IE, it's got some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up! Aside from that, fantastic site! cella.munhea.se/map15.php vem är världens rikaste
panilul.se
(panilul.se, 15. 10. 2020 5:37)
What's up mates, good article and fastidious urging commented at this place, I am actually enjoying by these. panilul.se/map26.php kap verde i oktober
framhäva lockigt hår aperca.se
(aperca.se, 14. 10. 2020 20:52)
You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complex and very broad for me. I am looking forward for your next post, I'll try to get the hang of it! aperca.se/map9.php framhäva lockigt hår
absolut torr vГҐtservetter munhea.se
(munhea.se, 14. 10. 2020 1:52)
I pay a visit day-to-day a few web sites and websites to read articles, except this webpage provides quality based writing. cents.munhea.se/map7.php absolut torr vГҐtservetter
lanba.se
(lanba.se, 13. 10. 2020 11:19)
Exceptional post however , I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic? I'd be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more. Kudos! lanba.se/map30.php laser mot pigmentfläckar
oratrg.se
(oratrg.se, 12. 10. 2020 10:18)
My spouse and I stumbled over here coming from a different page and thought I should check things out. I like what I see so now i'm following you. Look forward to looking at your web page yet again. oratrg.se/map19.php lediga lägenheter borås
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87
sasilu.se
(sasilu.se, 22. 10. 2020 9:27)